What theory did Lev Vygotsky emphasize regarding the role of social interaction in learning?

Lev Vygotsky's theory places significant importance on social interaction as a pivotal component of learning and cognitive development. He proposed that cognitive functions are initially developed through social interactions with others, especially more knowledgeable peers or adults, and that these social contexts facilitate the internalization of cultural tools, language, and practices that shape an individual's understanding of the world.

Vygotsky introduced concepts such as the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), which highlights the difference between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance and collaboration. This framework underscores the idea that learning is a socially mediated process, where collaboration with others enhances an individual's capacity to learn and develop skills more effectively than working alone.

The other options do not align with Vygotsky's emphasis on the social dimension of learning. For example, the idea that nature outweighs nurture focuses more on biological influences, whereas Vygotsky's perspective is deeply rooted in the interplay of social and cultural factors. The notion that learning happens only in isolation contradicts Vygotsky's argument for social interaction being a key facilitator of cognitive growth. Lastly, while observation is a valuable method of learning, Vygotsky's framework centers around collaboration and dialogue rather than solitary